Axle load is a key term in the railroad industry and refers to the sum of all vertical forces that are transferred to the rails by the wheels of an axle. These forces are of crucial importance as they influence both track load and driving safety.

The axle load is measured in kilonewtons (kN) or tons and is an important parameter for the design and maintenance of rail vehicles and track systems. Excessive axle load can lead to increased wear of the rails and superstructure, which in turn shortens the service life of the infrastructure and increases maintenance costs. In addition, an excessive axle load can affect safety by increasing the risk of rail breakages or derailments.

The permissible axle load varies depending on the country and railroad network and is regulated by technical standards and regulations. In Europe, for example, there are specific guidelines that define the maximum axle load for different types of rail vehicles. These guidelines take into account factors such as the type of track, the speed of the trains and the type of goods being transported.

Modern rail vehicles are designed to distribute the axle load evenly in order to minimize the load on the rails. This is achieved through the use of bogies and other technical solutions that enable better weight distribution. In addition, regular inspections and maintenance work are carried out to ensure that the axle loads remain within the permissible limits and that safety is guaranteed.

In summary, the axle load is a decisive factor for the safety and efficiency of rail transport. Compliance with the prescribed axle loads and regular maintenance of the vehicles and track systems can extend the service life of the infrastructure and ensure passenger safety.