Actual mass properties, also known as current mass, refer to the specific mass properties of an aircraft determined by direct measurement or by comparison with nearly identical components for which measured mass properties are already available. These properties are critical to the accurate calculation of an aircraft's weight and center of gravity (COG).
Determination of the actual mass properties
Direct measurement
The mass of components or the entire aircraft can be determined by direct weighing. This is usually done using special scales or measuring systems developed for the aviation industry.
Comparison with known components
If direct measurements are not possible, the mass properties can be determined by comparison with almost identical components for which measured data is already available. This assumes that the components are very similar in terms of material, design and construction.
Significance of the actual mass properties
Accuracy of weight and balance calculations
The use of actual mass properties enables precise calculations of the total weight and COG of an aircraft. This is crucial for the safety and efficiency of flight operations.
Aircraft-specific data
Each aircraft may vary slightly due to design differences, modifications or different equipment. The use of actual mass characteristics ensures that these differences are taken into account.
Compliance with certification requirements
The use of accurate mass characteristics is often a prerequisite for the certification and safe operation of the aircraft. Aviation authorities require accurate data to ensure compliance with safety standards.
Applications
Flight planning and execution
Knowledge of the actual mass characteristics is crucial for flight planning and execution, including the calculation of fuel requirements, payload distribution and COG.
Maintenance and modifications
When performing maintenance or modifications to the aircraft, actual mass properties can be used to ensure that changes do not adversely affect weight and balance characteristics.
Documentation and reporting
The actual mass characteristics must be documented and recorded in weight and balance reports as well as in the aircraft's flight logs.
Overall, actual mass characteristics are a key aspect of aviation that ensures aircraft are operated safely, efficiently and in accordance with certification requirements.
English 
Deutsch