The payload of an aircraft refers to the total weight of all items carried that directly contribute to revenue generation or the fulfillment of a specific mission. These items are not part of the aircraft itself, its crew, its fuel or its operational equipment. The payload is a decisive factor for the profitability and efficiency of a flight operation.
What the payload includes
Passengers
The weight of all passengers on board the aircraft. This is particularly relevant for commercial airlines where passengers are the primary source of revenue.
Luggage
The weight of all baggage carried by passengers. This includes both hand baggage and checked baggage.
Freight
Goods and merchandise placed in the cargo hold of the aircraft for transportation. Cargo can include anything from consumer goods to industrial materials.
Post
Mail items that are transported. This can include letters, parcels and other postal items sent by airmail.
Application-specific equipment
Special equipment that is required for certain missions. In the case of military aircraft, this may include sensors, weapons or other military equipment.
What the payload does not include
Fuel
This includes both usable and unusable fuel. Fuel is not considered part of the payload as it is required for the operation of the aircraft and not for the transportation of goods or passengers.
Operating resources
This includes the crew, kitchen equipment and other operating items that are necessary for the operation of the aircraft but do not contribute directly to revenue generation.
Aircraft structure and systems
The structure of the aircraft itself and all permanently installed systems and equipment necessary for flight operations are not counted as payload.
Payload is a key aspect of flight planning and execution, as it directly influences the profitability and efficiency of a flight. Optimal use of payload capacity is crucial to minimize operating costs and maximize revenue.
English 
Deutsch