The weight and center of gravity control process is a crucial aspect of flight preparation and execution. It ensures that the weight of an aircraft and the position of its center of gravity (COG) are within the permissible limits. This is crucial for the safety, stability and efficiency of flight operations.
Important aspects of weight and center of gravity control
Weight calculation
Total weight: The total weight of the aircraft includes the empty weight, the payload (passengers, cargo, baggage) and the fuel. It is important to ensure that the total weight does not exceed the maximum takeoff weight (MTOW). If a problem occurs after take-off that requires an immediate landing, fuel must be dumped beforehand so that the maximum landing weight (MLW), which is less than the MTOW, is reached.
Determination of the center of gravity (COG)
COG calculation: The COG is calculated based on the distribution of weight in the aircraft. This includes the positioning of passengers, cargo, fuel and fixed equipment.
COG limits: The COG must be within the limits specified by the manufacturer and certified by the aviation authorities. These limits are crucial for flight safety and stability.
Use of loading diagrams
Load charts are graphical tools that help to calculate the COG based on the loading conditions. They show how the COG shifts when different parts of the aircraft are loaded and help to ensure that the COG remains within the permissible limits.
Adjustments and corrections
Trim weights: Sometimes trim weights or ballast are used to keep the COG within the permissible limits, especially if the natural loading leads to an imbalance.
Fuel management: The distribution and consumption of fuel can influence the COG. In some aircraft, trim tanks are used to actively control the COG.
Documentation and review
Weight and center of gravity reports: All calculations and adjustments must be documented. This includes weight and center of gravity reports, which must be checked before each flight.
Aircraft documentation: The weight and center of gravity information must be documented in the aircraft's flight logs and loading documents.
Importance of weight and center of gravity control
Security: Correct weight and center of gravity control is crucial for flight safety. A COG outside the permissible limits can lead to instability and dangerous flight conditions.
Performance: Optimal weight distribution contributes to improved flight performance, including fuel efficiency and maneuverability.
Compliance with certification: Compliance with the weight and center of gravity limits is a prerequisite for the certification and safe operation of the aircraft.
Overall, weight and center of gravity control is a central process in aviation that requires careful planning, calculation and documentation to ensure the safety and efficiency of flight operations.
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