Rail vehicles usually have limited space for HVAC systems, so efficient distribution of conditioned air is necessary to maintain passenger comfort. The HVAC system must distribute the air evenly throughout the car without creating hot or cold zones. Inefficient air distribution can lead to passenger discomfort, which is a serious problem especially in extreme weather conditions. The aim of this calculation was to determine the distribution of the air flow in the cabin, the temperature distribution and the average cabin temperature.

Solution approaches

• Analysis of the ventilation concept, optimization of the number of outlets and geometric features depending on the boundary conditions.
• Improving thermal comfort by fine-tuning the HVAC system.
• Reduction in the overall operating costs of the streetcar, primarily through energy savings and lower maintenance requirements.
• Extend the service life of HVAC system components, reducing the need for frequent replacement and the associated costs
• Simulate analytically the operation of an HVAC system under different boundary conditions.
• Adjusting the parameters of the HVAC system can prevent safety problems such as window misting.